PEDAGOGICAL TOOLS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF CRITICAL THINKING IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE PROCESS OF GETTING TO KNOW THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.2(109).2022.29-45Keywords:
development, natural and ecological competence, critical thinking, critical thinking of older preschool children, critical thinking development technology, natural environment, preschool childrenAbstract
The article, based on the analysis of scientific sources and own research, examines the problem of forming the foundations of critical thinking in preschool children. The regulatory and legal framework for the organization of the educational process in the preschool education institution has been analyzed. Despite the urgency of the problem of forming the foundations of critical thinking in preschool children, there is a contradiction in the possibilities of using pedagogical techniques for the development of critical thinking and the unpreparedness of educators for the specified activity. The purpose of the study is to update the problem of the development of the basics of critical thinking in preschool children in the process of familiarization with the natural environment; to systematize and characterize the pedagogical techniques for the development of the mentioned phenomenon in preschoolers. Research material and methods: theoretical analysis of scientific literature and normative documents, comparison, observation, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results. Differences in the concepts of "ecological competence" and "natural-ecological competence" are defined. The main characteristics of a person with developed critical thinking are highlighted. Techniques for developing the basics of critical thinking in preschool children during familiarization with the natural environment are systematized and characterized. A study was conducted among educators in the city of Zhytomyr and the region regarding the effectiveness of techniques for developing the basics of critical thinking in preschool children and the list of techniques that practicing teachers use in the educational process. The practical significance of the study is that innovative methods ("Colored words", "Picture gallery", "Prediction tree", "Geocoder", "Fishbone") have been identified and described, which can be used to develop the basics of critical thinking in preschool children in the process of familiarization with the natural environment. The use of innovative methods in the educational process of a preschool institution contributes to increasing motivation to learn new things and stimulating thinking.
Further research of this problem will be focused on the study of the level of development of the basics of critical thinking in older preschool children based on the results of the introduction of educational methods into the educational process of older preschool children. Conclusions. The organization of the educational process in the preschool education institution with the introduction of pedagogical methods will allow to develop the basics of critical thinking in children, which will contribute to increasing their motivation to learn new things, analysis of events and their evaluation, making thoughtful, balanced decisions, choosing an active life position.
References
Bazovyy komponent doshkil'noyi osvity (nova redaktsiya) [Basic component of preschool education (new edition)] / nauk. kerivnyk: A.M. Bohush. (2012). Kyiv: Vyd-vo, 26 [in Ukrainian].
Bielien'ka, H.V. (2000). Rozvytok myslennya ditey doshkil'noho viku v protsesi oznayomlennya yikh z pryrodoyu [Development of thinking of preschool children in the process of familiarizing them with nature]. Onovlennya zmistu i metodiv doshkil'noyi osvity v Ukrayini: Naukovi zapysky Rivnens'koho pedahohichnoho instytutu – Updating the content and methods of preschool education in Ukraine: Scientific notes of the Rivne Pedagogical Institute, № 9, 23-47 [in Ukrainian].
Bobro, L.V. & Bobro, A.A. Nastupnist' u formuvanni ekolohichnoyi kompetentnosti starshykh doshkil'nykiv ta molodshykh shkoliariv [Consistency in the formation of environmental competence of older preschoolers and younger schoolchildren]. Retrieved from: http://lib.ndu.edu.ua/dspace/bitstream/123456789/1669/1/7.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Chorna, H.V., & Skirko, H.Z. Formuvannya ekolohichnoyi kompetentnosti ditey starshoho doshkil'noho viku v riznykh vydakh diyal'nosti v pryrodi [Formation of environmental competence of older preschool children in various activities in nature]. Retrieved from: http://www.innovpedagogy.od.ua/archives/2021/31/part_2/36.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Harmaty, O. (2020). Critical thinking as a key competence of media literacy. Collection articles At eight internationalon theukovo-methunique conferences "Critical thinking in the erahave toxic contentin". Kyiv: Free Press Center, Academy of Ukrainian of the press. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341105692_Kriticne_mislenna_ak_klucova_kompetencia_mediagramotnosti [in English].
Jenny Melo León. (2015). A Baseline Study of Strategies to Promote Critical Thinking in the Preschool Classroom. Gist Education and Learning Research Journal, no. 10, (January-June), 113-127. Retrieved from: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1070503.pdf [in English].
Kamińska, D. Jak rozwijać umiejętność myślenia krytycznego u dzieci z zastosowaniem narzędzi TOC? Retrieved from: https://www.cen.gda.pl/download/2019-11/2220.pdf [in Pоlish].
Krasovs'ka, L.V., & Sorochyns'ka, O.A. (2021). Innovatsiyni metody rozvytku osnov krytychnoho myslennya v ditey starshoho doshkil'noho viku [Innovative methods of developing the basics of critical thinking in older preschool children]. Problemy ta perspektyvy rozvytku suchasnoyi biolohiyi ta biolohichnoyi osvity – Problems and prospects of the development of modern biology and biological education: zb. nauk. pr. za materialamy I Vseukr. nauk.-prakt. konf., 29-30 zhovtnia 2021 r. / [za zah. red. T.V. Yermoshynoi, O.V. Pavliuchenko, S.Yu. Shevchuk]. Zhytomyr, 180-183 [in Ukrainian].
Polovina, O.A., & Haraschenko, L.V. Formuvannya ekoloho-pryrodnychoyi kompetentsiyi ditey doshkil'noho viku: zdorov'yazberezhuval'nyy pidkhid [Formation of ecological and natural competence of preschool children: a health-preserving approach]. Retrieved from: http://molodyvcheny.in.ua/files/journal/2018/8.1/10.pdf [in Ukrainian].
Vukina, N.V., Dementiievs'ka, N.P., & Suschenko, I.M.; za nauk. red. Pometun, O.I. (2007). Krytychne myslennya: yak ts'omu navchaty [Critical thinking: how to teach it]: nauk.-metod. posibnyk. Kharkiv, 190 [in Ukrainian].
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors published in this journal agree to the following terms:
a) The authors reserve the right to author their work and grant the journal the right to first publish this work under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to freely distribute the published work with a mandatory link to the authors of the original work and the first publication of the work therein magazine.
b) Authors have the right to enter into separate additional agreements regarding the non-exclusive distribution of the work in the form in which it was published by this journal (for example, posting work in an electronic repository of the institution or publishing as part of a monograph), provided that the reference to the first publication of the work is maintained therein. magazine.
c) Journal policy permits and encourages the submission of manuscripts by the authors on the Internet (for example, in repositories of institutions or on personal websites), both prior to submitting this manuscript to the editorial board and as it contributes to the emergence of productive scientific discussion, and has a positive impact on the promptness and dynamics of citing a published work (see The Effect of Open Access).
ISSN 
