THE CHARACTER OF THE RECEPTION OF VALUES BY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.4(111).2022.86-93Keywords:
value, moral heteronomy, imitation and identification, self-centeredness, significant peopleAbstract
Preschool age is a period of child's introduction to the world of values. These, as qualities, states, things desired by an individual or a social group, determine the direction of aspirations, constituting motives for actions. They are the centerpiece of upbringing, which is to guide a person toward changes set precisely by values.
The purpose of this article is to highlight the peculiarities of preschool children’s perception of values and to analyze the factors that determine this difference.
Therefore, the subjects of analysis are such characteristics of a child as the heteronomous nature of their morality, the features of their reasoning and action, as well as their relationship with significant others. Thus, for instance, moral heteronomy determines that values and norms are perceived by the child as part of the external world. The child's reasoning – specific, situational, egocentric – means that concepts that define values and have no designators are not always immediately understood, and desired behavior is not obvious. What helps on the path of choosing and understanding desired values are the significant people with whom the child identifies, adopting their motives, patterns of behaviors and moral evaluations.
The structure of this text corresponds to the problems analyzed in sequence and comprises issues such as: the place of values in the process of upbringing; developmental characteristics of the preschool child and the reception of the world of values; significant persons in moral upbringing.
The analysis of the above indicated points, leads to the conclusion that the process of discovering the world of values is complex and long-term, subject to multiple conditions, among which the developmental characteristics of the child hold an important place. This process takes place in various surroundings of the child's life. There the child comes into contact with people who become carriers of values and norms. Pedagogization of these surroundings is a condition that will help to introduce children to the world of values tailored to their needs and abilities.
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